Part I is devoted to molecular cell biology re-capitulating the formation of the first cells, their vertical and horizontal acquisition of new genes, using for examples extant archaea and primitive prokaryotes. A bold proposal is elaborated on the formation of the first eukaryotic nucleated cells from ancient virally mediated fusions of archaeal and prokaryotic spheroplasts. A detailed account on the evolution of viruses follows. The well preserved innate immune faculties (TLRs, chemokines, cytokines, complement, opsonins and bactericidal substances) include a detailed description of the interferons, and interfering iRNAs. The first multicellular organisms in the Cambrian sea already possessed dendritic cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
Inhalt
CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES IN THE ARMAMENTARIUM OF THE HUMAN HOST PRODUCTS OF THE EVOLVING UNIVERSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM
1. The Innate Immune System
1.1 The Universal Ancestor(s)
1.2 Chemokines and Toll-like Receptors Make Their Appearance
1.3 Nod
1.4 Viral Evolution
1.5 Interferons and RNAi
1.6 The Ascidian Haemocyte and Its Followers
1.7 Programmed Cell Death
1.8 Bactericidal Substances
1.9 Some Simple Interactions
1.10. Oncogenic Mutations
2. The Adaptive Immune System
2.1 Primordial Adaptive Elements
2.2 Retrotransposons
2.3 Host and Viral Genetic Refinements
2.4 The Placenta
2.5 The Thymus, Bursa of Fabricius, and MALT
2.6 The Host Confronts Mutagenes and Pathogenes Attacking Lymphoid Tissues
2.7 T, B, NK, and TREG Cells
2.8 Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity
3. Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy
3.1 Cancer Vaccines
3.2 Natural Lymphoid-Cell Hybridoma Formation by Cell Fusions
3.3 Lymphocytes Cytotoxic to Human Tumor Cells
3.4 Adoptive Immunotherapy with Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
4. Autoimmunity and Lymphomagenesis
4.1 Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
4.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
4.3 Autoimmunity and Malignant Thymoma
5. Cytotoxic Lymphocytes against Cellular and Viral Infectious Agents
5.1 Complex Eukaryotic Pathogens
5.2 Septic Shock
5.3 Interactions with Intracellular Bacteria
5.4 Anti-Oncoviral Immunity
6. Concise Synopsis 2007-8
6.1 From RNA Nucleotide Concentrates to Syntrophus and Upward 6.2 Innate Immune Faculties Regulate the Lymphocytes
6.3 Innate and Adaptive Interactions in Infections and Malignancies
6.4 Latest Events in Human Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy
Summary
References over 2270 plus single-spaced small type Figures (Plates) 1 - 12;and Tables 1-14
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